REV-ERB agonist raises a handful of sensible questions. This page answers them in order, starting with the fundamentals and moving to applications.
This page was last updated on 2026-06-21 and is reviewed periodically as new material appears.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is not an approved medicine and has no established human therapeutic use. The compound appears in scientific literature as a tool for probing circadian and metabolic regulation. Online sellers often label it as a research chemical, sometimes using the nickname Stenabolic. Its chemical identity is distinct from selective androgen receptor modulators, stimulants, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonists. Researchers use it mainly in cell and animal experiments.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ and alters their repressive activity on target genes. These nuclear receptors help regulate the circadian clock, lipid synthesis, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory pathways. By changing transcription, the compound can shift the timing or magnitude of downstream metabolic processes in model systems. It does not act through androgen receptors or adenosine receptors, which distinguishes it from several substances sold for athletic performance. Whether the same transcriptional changes occur in humans at tolerable exposures remains an open question because controlled human studies are lacking.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule that acts on the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors are part of the circadian clock machinery and normally repress transcription of certain target genes. In laboratory research, SR9009 is used as a chemical tool to study how REV-ERB activity influences metabolism, inflammation, and daily biological rhythms. The compound is not an approved medicine, and its effects in humans remain largely uncharacterized. It is often described as an investigational agent rather than a therapeutic product.
REV-ERB proteins typically suppress gene expression by recruiting corepressor complexes to DNA response elements. SR9009 binds these receptors and strengthens that repressive action in cell-based assays. Studies in rodents have reported changes in lipid handling, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity after treatment. Such findings are often cited as evidence for metabolic effects, but species differences and limited pharmacokinetic data make direct translation to humans uncertain. Researchers continue to examine which effects are robust and which depend on specific experimental conditions.
SR9009 is frequently discussed alongside other REV-ERB ligands, including synthetic agonists and natural heme-related molecules. Its selectivity for REV-ERB over related nuclear receptors has been measured in binding and reporter assays, though off-target activity at higher concentrations is possible. The compound is prohibited in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and it is not approved for any medical use in major jurisdictions. Products sold online may be labeled as research chemicals, and their identity and purity are not guaranteed by regulatory review.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C20H24ClN3O4S | Derived from published structure. |
| Molecular weight | 437.94 g/mol | Calculated value. |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid | Typical for purified research samples. |
| Solubility | DMSO, ethanol; low in water | Class: poorly water-soluble. |
| Typical storage | -20 °C, desiccated, protected from light | Limits degradation. |
Physicochemical behavior influences handling. SR9009 is described as a solid with limited aqueous solubility, so organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol are common in research stock solutions. Aqueous dilution can produce precipitates if the organic content is too low. Light, heat, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles may affect stability. Storage recommendations usually specify a desiccated freezer environment protected from light, but exact stability data depend on the formulation and matrix.
Detection in biological samples can be complicated by rapid metabolism and low circulating concentrations. Some studies report phase I and phase II metabolites, and analytical methods may need to target those species in addition to the parent compound. Immunoassays are not broadly available, so mass spectrometry remains the main confirmatory approach. For anti-doping testing, laboratories look for SR9009 and its metabolites using validated LC-MS methods. Open questions include how long metabolites remain detectable and how different routes of administration alter detection windows.
Relative bioavailability is one of the measures used to assess bioequivalence (BE) between two drug products. For FDA approval, a generic manufacturer must demonstrate that the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the mean responses (usually of AUC and the maximum concentration, Cmax) of its product to that of the "brand name drug" is within the limits of 80% to 125%. Where AUC refers to the concentration of the drug in the blood over time t = 0 to t = ∞, Cmax refers to the maximum concentration of the drug in the blood. When Tmax is given, it refers to the time it takes for a drug to reach Cmax. While the mechanisms by which a formulation affects bioavailability and bioequivalence have been extensively studied in drugs, formulation factors that influence bioavailability and bioequivalence in nutritional supplements are largely unknown. As a result, in nutritional sciences, relative bioavailability or bioequivalence is the most common measure of bioavailability, comparing the bioavailability of one formulation of the same dietary ingredient to another.
This table does not represent an exhaustive list, but demonstrates the various methods this medication is able to be administered. Flupentixol and melitracen is produced by numerous pharmaceutical companies worldwide, with many using oral tablets as the preferred route.
=== Sweat gland nerve fiber density === Sweat gland nerve fiber density (SGNFD) can be quantified in skin biopsies taken from the distal leg, distal thigh, and proximal thigh prepared for standard analysis of intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). Nerve fibers innervating sweat glands are stained with Protein Gene Product 9.5 and quantified using manual morphometry with light microscopy. SGNFD can potentially be used as a surrogate anatomical marker for sudomotor function. However, it is not a direct assessment of the sweat response, and normative data must be established.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
=== Lieutenant Governors (1919–1932) === Édouard Hesling (9 November 1919 – 7 August 1927) Robert Arnaud (7 August 1927 – 13 January 1928), acting Albéric Fournier (13 January 1928 – 22 December 1932) Gabriel Descemet (22 December 1932 – 31 December 1932)
=== Glutathione peroxidase === Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are enzymes that use glutathione to break down peroxides, protecting the cell from oxidative damage. It is a key part of animal (including human) antioxidant defenses. They are also found in bacteria, plants, and fungi. GPx was the first selenoprotein discovered, with a highly reactive Sec residue at the active site. Comparison of GPx sequences from all these types of life suggest that the ancestral GPx did not contain selenium; instead, acquision of Sec happened early in animal evolution, before the sponges diverged from other animals. Humans have eight Gpx genes, but only five of them contain Sec (GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, GPX4, GPX6). The non-existence of Sec in GPX7 and GPX8 appears to be universal among animals. The loss of Sec (by replacement with Cys) in GPX5 was, however, a relatively recent event that happened after the divergence of humans from rodents. Rodents have independently lost the Sec in Gpx6, but kept it in their version of Gpx5. Human GPX5 and rodent Gpx6 retain vestigial SECIS elements indicative of their past.
Eastern countries such as China and Russia and most Muslim nations like Iran, Indonesia and Pakistan remained staunchly opposed." The outcome document recommended treatment, prevention and other public health measures, and committed to "intensifying our efforts to prevent and counter" drug production and trafficking, through, "inter alia, more effective drug-related crime prevention and law enforcement measures." A statement signed by 189 civil society organizations criticized the 2016 outcome document, itemizing the lack of progress and calling out the "highly problematic, non-inclusive and non-transparent" process that made it possible for "a handful of vocal and regressive countries [to] block progressive language", resulting in "an expensive restatement of previous agreements and conventions".
=== Normal function === Cyclin D1 was originally cloned as a breakpoint rearrangement in parathyroid adenoma and was shown to be required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle to induce cell migration, angiogenesis and to induce the Warburg effect. Cyclin D1 is a protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. During the G1 phase, it is synthesized rapidly and accumulates in the nucleus, and is degraded as the cell enters the S phase. Cyclin D1 is a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. The protein dimerizes with CDK4/6 to regulate the G1/S phase transition and entry into the S-phase.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic REV-ERB agonist used in laboratory research. It is not an approved drug, and its effects in humans are not well characterized. It is often sold as a research chemical under the name Stenabolic.
No. SR9009 targets the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, not the androgen receptor. This mechanism differs from selective androgen receptor modulators and from exercise mimetics that act on PPARδ.
Published evidence is mainly preclinical, using cell cultures and animal models. Controlled human trials are not well documented in the public literature. Claims about human performance or health effects therefore remain unsupported by robust clinical data.
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that binds and modulates the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used in laboratory studies of circadian biology and metabolism, not as an approved medicine. It is also known by the informal name Stenabolic.